karayodin



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheen 1.

v. KARAVOIDIN.

BOILEB..

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. v. KARAVQDIN.

BOILER l v'Patented oet. 13, 1.896.-

` y /A/r/E/vroe /f I l Arm/mfr UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VICTOR KARAVODIN, OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.

BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 569,287', dated October 13, 1896.

Application filed February 16, 1895. Serial No. 538,657. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, VICTOR KARAvoDIN, a subject of the Emperor of Russia, residing at St. Petersburg, Russia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Appliances for Generating Vapors and Steam, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the construction of boilers or retorts for generating vapor or steam, and appliances connecting therewith; and the principal objects of my invention are to provide suitable means for protecting and cooling their shells and for regulating' the supply of fuel and of water to the interiors of such generators.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure 1 shows a longitudinal vertical section of a generator adapted for the development of a mixture of oil and water and their gases of combustion in accordance with my invention, while Fig. 2 shows a similar section of the rear portion of a like generator adapted for the utilization of finely-divided particles of solid carbonaceous fuel in place of water. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of a steamgenerator embodying certain features of my invention.

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, A is a metallic shell constructed in the form usually employed in boiler-shells. The same is provided with an interior lining B, made of refractory material which is a poor conductor of heat.

B B2 are horizontal partitions made of like material and extending from opposite ends of the generator for nearly its entire length, so as to form, together with the outer walls of the generator, an S-shaped conduit C C2 C3, wherein the gases of combustion above referred to are produced, as more fully described hereinafter.

D is a vessel containing petroleum under pressure and having its liquid-space connected by means of a pipe CZ' with a jet d2, discharging into the upper compartment C of the generator.

E is a vessel containing water under pressure, and having its liquid-space connected by a pipe e with a spraying-outlet e2,discharg ing into compartment C2 of said generator.

F is an air-pump for forcing compressed air through a pipe f and regulating cock or valve f2 therein into compartment C', the discharge end of pipe f being made to so surround nozzle d2 as to there create an induced current, whereby the petroleum is converted into a spray.

G is an electric igniter whereby the nelydivided petroleum maybe ignited. The gases of combustion so created will then ow in the direction of the arrow into compartment C2, where they meet the water discharged in the form of a spray from outlet e2 and convert it into steam, and together with such steam ow through compartment C3 to an engine, where they are employed in producing motive power, or to any other apparatus where they may be utilized.

l-I H are pipes embedded in the refractory lining B of the generator shell, through which cooling-water is made to circulate for the purpose of protecting said lining and said shell and to thus make the latter more capable of resisting heavy pressures and avoiding the uneven strains usually resulting in such shells from uneven expansion and contraction caused by diiferent degrees of temperature produced and existing in different parts thereof.

The supply of petroleum and water to vessels D and E and through the same to the generator is maintained by means of the following appliances:

I' is the steam-cylinder of a pump I2 by which water is pumped through pipe c" and valve c2 into vessel E, is being the suctionpipe of said pump, provided with valve i4. J is a spiral spring inserted in and forming part of the main piston-rod of such pump. The tension of said spring is so adjusted that when the desired limit of pressure is reached within vessel E said spring will thereby become compressed suiiiciently to keep the piston in pump-cylinder I2 out of action until such pressure has again been reduced in vessel E by the discharge of water into the generator, when the pump will again come into action. In a like manner an oil-pump K2 will force petroleum through pipe 7c' and valve k2 into vessel D, 7c3 being its suction-pipe, and a spring L, inserted in its piston-rod between the pistons in steam-cylinder K and oil-cylinder K2, acting in a manner analogous to spring J. Thus petroleum as Well as water will at all times be injected into the generator und er predetermined maximum pressures, and the quantities so discharged will be proportionate to the differences between the pressures in vessels D and E and the pressure in generator A.

I regulate the temperature of the combined gases Within the generator by varying the proportions of the petroleum, which acts as heating agent, and of the Water discharged into the generator in such a mann er that the supply of petroleum will be decreased and that of the water increased as the temperature rises in the generator, and vice versa. I accomplish this by the following means: M

. is a thermostat extending from the 'interior of the generator, where it is exposed within compartment C3 to the heat of the combined gases, to the exterior, where it actuates a toothed segment M through a connecting-rod M2. Said segment engages with a pinion h 3 (shown in dotted lines) on the axis of a disk M4. Near the periphery of said disk a stud M5 is provided. d3 and e3 are valves in pipes d and e, respectively, and d4 and e4 arms so attached to spindles on said valves that the movement toward the right of arm d4 will partly close valve cl3, thereby reducing the iiow of oil through the same, while a movement to the right of arm e4 will further open valve e3, thereby increasing the tlow of water through the same. Movements of said arms to the left of the positions shown in the drawings will produce opposite results. Simultaneous movements of said arms in the same directions will be produced by means of rod M6, connecting stud M5 with the outer end of arm d4, and connecting-rod M7, connecting the outer ends of arms Z4 and d5.

N is a connection through which steam may be introduced into the generator, which steam meeting the gases of combustion would unite with the same, becoming superheated and decomposed under the iniiuence of the additional heat so imparted to it. IVhen steam is so employed, the supply of water through pipe e may be dispensed with. A is a safety-valve on generator, and D and E are safety-valves on vessels D and E, respectively. v

In Fig. 2 a pipe O, conveying compressed air and inclosed by a pipe P, conveying pulverized carbonaceous fuel, is shown to be introduced into compartment C in such a manner that the force of the air will tend to draw such carbonaceous fuel into the generator.

In the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3, A2 represents a strong vessel, provided in its walls with water-passages n for cooling it. XVithin the said vessel a metallic shell Q, partly filled with Water, is located, and a poor conductor of heat is introduced'into the space X between it and the outer vessel N and maintained there under substantially the Vsame pressure as exists within shell Q. The poor conductor employed in this case is atmospheric air supplied by an air-pump R, through a pipe r, the steam-cylinder R of which obtains its supply of steam from the steam-space of shell Q through a pipe r. ro is a pipe for supplying water to the boiler, r2 the steambutlet pipe, and r3 a pipe for supplying to it steam in case it be proposed to superheat therein steam generated in another boiler instead of developing steam from Water introduced into said generator. All the aforesaid pipes are provided with suitablecocks and are protected by the walls of vessel A2 and are kept cool by the same cooling-water which circulates through the passages a. Said pipes may likewise be surrounded by air under approximately the same pressure as exists .within said pipes. Instead of air any other suitable nonconductor of heat may be maintained under pressure within space X. S is a thick body of metal, such as copper. T represents corrugated sheet-metal diaphragms connected with said body of metaland with the inner walls of vessel A2, thus forming tight joints. U represents a non-conducting packing between vessel A2,bar S, shell Q,and diaphragms T. V V are large bodies of metal adapted to be heated and to impart their heat through bar S to the contents of shell Q.v Ribs S S.

may be added to bar S Within shell Q, so as to increase the heating or radiating surface of the same. XV IV are nuts on bar S, and IV' IV' washers for adjusting it in its position with reference to vessel A2 and shell Q.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. In a generator for vapor or gases, in combination with an outer vessel having a suitable lining or interior shell and cooling-passages, appliances for introducing steam into said interior shell, and Van independent Water-pipe leading into said interior shell, and means for increasing the temperature of the steam within said shell without heating the outer vessel exteriorly, substantially vas set forth.

2. In a generator for vapor or gases, incombination with its casing, a fuel-supply pipe entering said casing and means for automatically maintaining said fuel under pressure exceeding that in the generator and for in- IOO IIO

creasing and decreasing the supply of fuel,

as the temperature within the casing is decreased or increased, substantially as set forth.

3. In a generator for vapor orgases, in combination with its casing, an oil-supply pump and a water-supply pump, and automaticV ture within the generator, and comprising suitable valves in the pipes supplying the fuel and the water, coupled together, and a thermostat for actuating the coupling device, 5 substantially as set forth.

5. In a generator for vapor or gases, in combination with its casing, a fuel-supply pipe and a water-pipe entering said casing, proper valves Within said pipes, a thermostat, and

1o a connection between the thermostat and said valves, whereby the operative opening in one valve is increased, while the other is reduced, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of 15 two subscribing witnesses.

VICTOR KARAVODIN.

W'itnesses:

N. TsoHEKALoFF, En. WANsoHEID'r. 

